Do I need fasteners to install this, or does it come with bolts?

Fasteners are not included with this bracket. Use M6 bolts and washers rated for exterior automotive use; most hardware stores stock these standard sizes. Torque per your vehicle service manual.

Will this mount flush against the bumper, or does it stick out?

Mounting method and standoff distance are not specified. Test-fit the bracket before final installation to confirm clearance and alignment with your front fascia.

Can I paint this bracket if I want a different color?

The black powder-coat finish can be sanded and repainted if you want a custom color. Standard automotive primer and single-stage or clear-coat paint will adhere to the prepared surface.