Will this work with an aftermarket front bumper?

Depends on your bumper design. This bracket mounts at factory frame points, so if your bumper preserves those mounting locations or has a license plate opening, you're good. If you're running a full-custom bumper with no opening, you'll need to verify fitment before ordering.

Do I need special hardware to install this?

The bracket uses factory mounting points, so you'll work with whatever fasteners your truck already has in place. Bring basic hand tools — socket set and wrench — to the job.

Can I paint this to match my truck, or is the black final?

The powder coat finish is durable as-is, but you can paint over it if you want a different color. Light scuff with 220-grit sandpaper, prime with automotive primer, and paint with your truck's color match.